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Trebujena has its roots in prehistoric times, in particular the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods. It was supposedly located on the borders of the lost city of Tartessus, which was an ancient region in the Guadalquivir River valley. (Tartessus was probably destroyed in 500 BC and may be identical to the Tarshish mentioned in the Bible.)
In the period around 200 BC, Trebujena was occupied by the Romans. The town was then a rich agricultural town, owing to the presence of fertile lands. The Romans were conquered by the Visigoths and subsequently by the Muslims, who in turn were conquered by the Christians towards the year 1250. Some time after this, the town was abandoned and repopulated under the rule of the Spanish monarch Alfonso X. Trebujena was granted the Charter of Privileges by the Duke of Medina Sidonia in 1494, but fell into constant land disputes among the neighboring towns and their Dukes.
Throughout occupations by Phoenicians, Greeks, Muslims, and Romans, Trebujena went through several name changes. The most notable name of the town for a time was “Trabuxena.”
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