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The suffix “de la Frontera”, which means “of the frontier” was used to connote a separation of territories of Muslims and Christians during a time of religious and territorial wars. But, long before that period, thru the Neolithic, the Bronze Age, the Tartessian period, the Phoenicians, the Romans and the Visgothic periods, Arcos de la Frontera had traces of ancient inhabitants and their communities. These evidences are found in the rock chambers that rest on the ridge believed to be ancient cave dwellings.
In the fairly recent centuries, Arcos had turns under several powers: the Chunds or the Syrians, the Emirate period and the territorial division of Sidonia called the “Cora.” It was in the 11th century when Arcos had a brief encounter with independence only to be ruled again as a Taifa (small) kingdom under a family of Berber origins. After getting annexed to Seville, it again went thru different rulers, conquered by the Almohads, Fernando II and Alfonso X whose Leonese and Castillan population survived Mudejar attacks between 1255 and 1264.
Under Spanish Royal power, the city was given first to Prince D. Enrique, then later to Ruy López de Ávalos, until it was passed on, in 1440, to the Dukes of Arcos, the family of famed Spanish soldier and explorer, Ponce de León.
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