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The area surrounding San Roque contains the remains of a number of different civilizations that made their sojourn there, the most important being the Romans. The Roman city was called Carteia and was later taken over by the Visigoths and finally the Moors. The Muslim occupation of the region lasted until 1462, when they were expelled by the Christian monarchs. San Roque became a town under the House of Medina Sidonia.
Present day San Roque was officially founded in the year 1706, by the original inhabitants of Gibraltar. Gibraltar was besieged on August 1, 1704 by the Anglo - Dutch Navy. After the people of Gibraltar surrendered, they were allowed to remain in the town under certain conditions, but many deserted for fear of the repercussions of the Anglo - Dutch takeover.
The Gibraltar deserters encamped around the Chapel of San Roque, and their tiny establishment became a town in 1706, two years later. The city council of Gibraltar, the city's banner, and all their records were moved to the new town; thus, San Roque became the Spanish Gibraltar. The present day motto of San Roque is “The town of Gibraltar that lives on in San Roque.”
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